Uso de redes sociales y desempeño atencional en estudiantes de medicina un estudio mediante evaluación cognitiva objetiva
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Resumen
Introducción: el uso intensivo de redes sociales se ha asociado con alteraciones atencionales y del sueño en adultos jóvenes, aunque la evidencia basada en evaluaciones objetivas presenciales sigue siendo limitada en Latinoamérica.
Objetivo:analizar la relación entre el tiempo diario de uso de redes sociales y el desempeño atencional en estudiantes de medicina mediante pruebas cognitivas objetivas.
Metodología: estudio observacional, transversal y correlacional en 73 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de hábitos digitales, junto a tres pruebas cognitivas: Mackworth (atención sostenida), Búsqueda Visual de Treisman y Gelade (atención selectiva) y Flankers de Eriksen
(control inhibitorio). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales no paramétricos.
Resultados: el uso diario de redes fue de 3,77 ± 1,02 h y el sueño nocturno de 5,33 ± 0,64 h. El 90,4% mostró atención sostenida normal, mientras que el 76,7% presentó alteraciones en atención selectiva. No se encontró correlación entre tiempo en redes y desempeño en Mackworth (r = 0,154; p = 0,194). Edad y horas de sueño se asociaron negativamente con el rendimiento atencional.
Conclusiones: el tiempo de uso de redes no se relacionó directamente con la atención sostenida, sugiriéndose efectos indirectos mediados por el sueño y la fatiga cognitiva.
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